Clay Characterization and Bleaching of Crude Palm Oil Using Acid-Activated Nibo Clay

Acid-activated Nibo clay was applied as an adsorbent in the bleaching of crude palm oil. The collected sample activated with hydrochloric acid solution after it sun-dried and ground. raw (NC) (ANC) samples were characterized using XRF, SEM, FTIR analyses. efficiency process examined by varying dosage, temperature contact time. results analyses on NC ANC showed that clays kaolinites significant changes activation. experiment increase improved process. highest 86% observed. pseudo-second-order model best described adsorption at 100 °C when compared to correlation coefficient values pseudo-first-order, Intra-particle diffusion Elovich kinetic models. Temkin isotherm fitted experimental data than Langmuir, Freundlich Dubinin-Radushkevich models R2 >0.9 all temperatures. enthalpy entropy evaluated 54,943.90 J/mol 154.6321 respectively. indicated endothermic randomness solid/liquid interface. negative Gibb’s free energy 363 373 K implied beta carotene oil these temperatures spontaneous feasible. This study can be for higher temperatures.